Predictors of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58594/rtest.v6i1.208Abstract
This study presents a descriptive summary of a systematic review focused on the relationship between noncommunicable chronic diseases and depressive symptoms in adult populations, recognizing NCDs as a major contemporary public health challenge due to their sustained impact on both physical and mental health. The introduction highlights depression as a highly prevalent comorbidity among adults with chronic conditions, establishing a bidirectional relationship that negatively affects disease prognosis and overall quality of life. The objective of the review was to identify and critically analyze predictors of depressive symptoms in adults with NCDs, providing a solid empirical basis for clinical practice and the development of targeted interventions. Methodologically, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE covering the period from 2021 to 2025, using the PECO framework and including analytical observational studies with multivariate models that identified independent predictors of depression. Study selection followed the PRISMA statement through title, abstract, and full-text screening. The results, drawn from 20 included studies, revealed consistent predictors grouped into several dimensions. Sociodemographic risk factors included female sex, low educational attainment, and low income. From a clinical perspective, multimorbidity, a history of depression or anxiety, and chronic pain showed strong associations with depressive symptomatology. Psychosocial predictors were characterized by low social support and maladaptive coping strategies. Additionally, physical inactivity and smoking were moderately associated with depressive symptoms, whereas regular physical activity and spirituality emerged as protective factors. In conclusion, the findings delineate a multidimensional profile of predictors of depression in adults with NCDs, emphasizing modifiable structural, clinical, and psychosocial factors. These results underscore the need for targeted screening of high-risk populations and for comprehensive interventions that simultaneously address chronic disease management and its psychosocial determinants.
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